Descriptive Statistics
CBSE · Class 11 · Applied Mathematics
Quick revision notes for Descriptive Statistics — CBSE Class 11 Applied Mathematics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Types of Data and Data Sources
- Data is plural - always refers to a group of numbers; one piece of information is called a datum
- Primary data: Collected directly from the field or individuals through surveys, observations, case studies
- Secondary data: Obtained from already collected sources like records, databases, reports
Data Measurement Scales
- Nominal Scale: Categories with no natural order (e.g., gender, religion, subjects taught)
- Ordinal Scale: Categories that can be ranked but differences between ranks are not uniform (e.g., performance ratings: poor, average, good)
- Interval Scale: Equal intervals between consecutive values, can have negative values (e.g., temperature, coordinates)
Data Representation and Visualization
- Bar Graph: Rectangular bars with equal width, used for categorical data comparison
- Pie Chart: Circular chart divided into sectors, shows parts of a whole (360° total)
- Line Graph: Connects data points with lines, typically shows changes over time
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean: Arithmetic average, affected by all values including outliers
- Median: Middle value when data is arranged in order, not affected by outliers
- Mode: Most frequently occurring value in the dataset
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Descriptive Statistics covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
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Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.
Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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