Biological Classification
CBSE · Class 11 · Biology
Quick revision notes for Biological Classification — CBSE Class 11 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Evolution of Classification Systems
- Aristotle was the first to attempt scientific classification - divided plants into trees, shrubs, and herbs; animals into those with red blood and without red blood
- Linnaeus developed the Two Kingdom system - Plantae and Animalia
- Two Kingdom system limitations: didn't distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms
Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification
- Proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969
- Five Kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- Main criteria: cell structure, body organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships
Kingdom Monera
- Sole members are bacteria - most abundant microorganisms
- Found everywhere: soil, extreme habitats (hot springs, deserts, deep oceans)
- Four shapes: Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod-shaped), Vibrio (comma-shaped), Spirillum (spiral)
Kingdom Protista
- All single-celled eukaryotes with well-defined nucleus and organelles
- Primarily aquatic, forms link between plants, animals, and fungi
- Includes: Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds, Protozoans
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What are the important topics in Biological Classification for CBSE Class 11 Biology?
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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