CBSE Class 11 Chemistry — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Examples: Books, water, air, living beings. All substances around us are composed of matter as they have mass and occupy space.

A: Solids: Particles held very close in orderly fashion, limited movement, definite volume and shape. Liquids: Particles close but can move around, definite volume but no definite shape. Gases: Particles

A: Homogeneous mixture: Components completely mix, uniform composition throughout. Example: Sugar solution in water. Heterogeneous mixture: Composition not uniform, different components may be visible. E

A: Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or an electronegative element to a substance, OR the removal of hydrogen or an electropositive element from a substance. Example: 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO (addition of oxyge

A: Reduction is the removal of oxygen or an electronegative element from a substance, OR the addition of hydrogen or an electropositive element to a substance. Example: 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂ (removal of oxygen

A: Oxidation: Loss of electrons by any species. Reduction: Gain of electrons by any species. Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻ (oxidation), Cl₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Cl⁻ (reduction)

A: According to Dalton's atomic theory (1808), an atom is the ultimate particle of matter that cannot be divided further. The word 'atom' comes from the Greek word 'a-tomio' which means 'uncut-able' or '

A: The three fundamental subatomic particles are: 1. Electron (e⁻): Negatively charged, mass = 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg, charge = -1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C 2. Proton (p⁺): Positively charged, mass = 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, cha

A: Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment (1897) involved passing electricity through a partially evacuated glass tube with electrodes. Key observations: - Rays traveled from cathode to anode - Rays were