Drainage System

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Drainage is the flow of water through well-defined channels. A drainage system is the network of such channels that carries water from a specific area. It prevents flooding by providing pathways for e

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Catchment area: The specific area from which a river collects water. Drainage basin: Area drained by a river and its tributaries (larger areas). Watershed: Boundary line separating one drainage basin

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1. Dendritic: Tree-like pattern (rivers of northern plains). 2. Radial: Rivers flow in all directions from a central hill (Amarkantak range). 3. Trellis: Primary tributaries parallel, secondary at rig

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Bay of Bengal: 77% (includes Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna). Arabian Sea: 23% (includes Indus, Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, Periyar). They are separated by Delhi ridge, Aravallis, and Sahyadris.

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Major basins: >20,000 sq km (14 basins - Ganga, Brahmaputra, Krishna, etc.). Medium basins: 2,000-20,000 sq km (44 basins - Kalindi, Periyar, Meghna). Minor basins: <2,000 sq km (numerous rivers in lo

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Perennial rivers (snow-fed and rain-fed), long geological evolution, deep gorges and V-shaped valleys in mountains, depositional features in plains (flood plains, deltas), highly tortuous in mountains

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A mighty river called Shiwalik or Indo-Brahma flowed from Assam to Punjab during Miocene period (5-24 million years ago). Due to Pleistocene upheaval and Potwar Plateau uplift, it dismembered into thr

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Origin: Bokhar Chu glacier, Tibet (4,164m). Course: 2,880 km total, 1,114 km in India. Flows through Ladakh, enters Pakistan near Chilas. Right bank tributaries: Kabul, Khurram, Tochi. Receives Panjna