Structure and Physiography

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Earth is approximately 4600 million years old. The two main forces that have shaped its landforms are: 1) Endogenic forces (internal forces like plate movements, volcanism, earthquakes) and 2) Exogeni

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Originally, the Indian Plate was located south of the equator and was much larger, including the Australian Plate. Over millions of years, it broke into parts - the Australian Plate moved southeast wh

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The three major geological divisions of India are: 1) The Peninsular Block (ancient, stable landmass) 2) The Himalayas and other Peninsula Mountains (young, fold mountains) 3) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra P

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The Peninsular Block is: 1) Formed of very ancient gneisses and granites 2) A rigid, stable block since the Cambrian period 3) Part of the Indo-Australian Plate 4) Contains relict and residual mountai

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The Himalayas are young, weak, and flexible in geological structure, unlike the rigid and stable Peninsular Block. They are still subjected to endogenic and exogenic forces, resulting in faults, folds

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The Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain originated as a geo-synclinal depression during the third phase of Himalayan mountain formation (about 64 million years ago). It has been gradually filled by sediments

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The six major physiographic divisions of India are: 1) The Northern and North-eastern Mountains 2) The Northern Plain 3) The Peninsular Plateau 4) The Indian Desert 5) The Coastal Plains 6) The Island

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The Great Himalayan range (central axial range) has an approximate length of 2,500 km from east to west, with width varying between 160-400 km from north to south. The general orientation is northwest