Laws of Motion

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Aristotle believed that an external force is required to keep a body in motion. This view was incorrect because moving objects come to rest due to friction, not because they naturally tend to stop. In…

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Newton's First Law: Every body continues to be in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by some external force to act otherwise. This means if the net external force …

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Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of a body. Formula: p = mv, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity with SI unit kg m/s or N·s.

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The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts. Mathematically: F = dp/dt = ma, where F is net external…

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The SI unit of force is Newton (N). One Newton is defined as the force that produces an acceleration of 1 m/s² in a body of mass 1 kg. Therefore, 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

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Impulse is the product of force and time duration, equal to the change in momentum. Formula: Impulse = F × Δt = Δp. This concept is useful when a large force acts for a very short time, producing a fi…

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Newton's Third Law: To every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. This means forces always occur in pairs - if body A exerts force on body B, then B exerts an equal and opposite for…

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Inertia is the resistance of a body to change its state of rest or uniform motion. Examples: (1) When a bus starts suddenly, passengers are thrown backward, (2) When a bus stops suddenly, passengers a…