Human Development

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Development is the pattern of progressive, orderly, and predictable changes that begin at conception and continue throughout life. It includes both growth and decline. Growth refers only to an increas

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1. Biological processes: Changes due to genes inherited from parents (height, weight, brain development) 2. Cognitive processes: Mental activities related to knowing and experiencing (thought, percept

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1. Development is lifelong (conception to death) 2. Includes both gains and losses that interact dynamically 3. Biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes are interwoven 4. Development is mu

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Genotype: The actual genetic material or person's genetic heritage (what is inherited). Example: Genes for height, intelligence, eye color. Phenotype: The way genotype is expressed in observable and

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1. Microsystem: Immediate environment (family, peers, teachers, neighborhood) 2. Mesosystem: Relations between microsystems (how parents relate to teachers) 3. Exosystem: Settings child doesn't partic

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Teratogens are environmental agents that cause deviations in normal prenatal development, leading to abnormalities or death. Examples: - Drugs (marijuana, heroin, cocaine) - Alcohol and tobacco - Inf

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Reflexes are automatic, built-in responses to stimuli that are genetically-carried survival mechanisms. 1. Rooting: Turning head when cheek touched (disappears 3-6 months) 2. Moro: Throwing arms outw

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1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Experiences world through senses and motor actions; develops object permanence 2. Preoperational (2-7 years): Symbolic thought develops; shows egocentrism and centration 3