Human Memory
CBSE · Class 11 · Psychology
Quick revision notes for Human Memory — CBSE Class 11 Psychology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Nature and Definition of Memory
- Memory refers to retaining and recalling information over a period of time depending on the cognitive task
- Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885) was the first to systematically study memory using nonsense syllables
- Memory consists of three interrelated stages: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
Stage Model of Memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)
- Three memory systems: Sensory Memory, Short-term Memory (STM), Long-term Memory (LTM)
- Sensory Memory: Large capacity but very short duration (less than 1 second)
- Iconic (visual) and Echoic (auditory) sensory registers store exact replicas of stimuli
Control Processes and Working Memory
- Selective Attention: First control process that determines what enters STM from sensory registers
- Maintenance Rehearsal: Keeps information in STM through repetition
- Elaborative Rehearsal: Transfers information to LTM by connecting to existing knowledge
Levels of Processing Model (Craik & Lockhart, 1972)
- Alternative to Stage Model - focuses on depth of processing rather than separate stores
- Three levels of processing: Structural (shallowest), Phonetic (intermediate), Semantic (deepest)
- Structural: Analyzing physical features like shape, color, or size
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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