Biotechnology and its Applications
CBSE · Class 12 · Biology
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Agricultural Applications of Biotechnology
- Three approaches to increase food production: agro-chemical based, organic agriculture, and genetically engineered crops
- Green Revolution tripled food supply but couldn't meet growing population demands
- Tissue culture allows regeneration of whole plants from explants under sterile conditions
Bt Cotton and Pest Resistant Plants
- Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria
- Bt toxin genes (cry genes) cloned and expressed in crop plants
- Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in bacteria
Medical Biotechnology and Therapeutics
- Recombinant therapeutics don't induce immunological responses
- About 30 recombinant therapeutics approved worldwide, 12 marketed in India
- Human insulin production overcomes animal insulin allergies
Molecular Diagnosis
- Early diagnosis crucial for effective disease treatment
- Conventional methods detect disease only after symptom appearance
- PCR amplifies nucleic acids to detect very low pathogen concentrations
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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