Ecosystem
CBSE · Class 12 · Biology
Quick revision notes for Ecosystem — CBSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Structure and Components of Ecosystem
- Ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature comprising abiotic and biotic components
- Abiotic components: Air, water, soil, temperature, light, pH, minerals
- Biotic components: Producers (autotrophs), consumers (heterotrophs), decomposers
Productivity in Ecosystems
- Primary productivity: Amount of biomass/organic matter produced per unit area over time by plants during photosynthesis
- Expressed in weight (g m⁻²) or energy (kcal m⁻²)
- Productivity rate: g m⁻² yr⁻¹ or kcal m⁻² yr⁻¹
Decomposition
- Decomposition: Breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances
- Detritus: Dead plant and animal remains including fecal matter
- Five important steps: Fragmentation, Leaching, Catabolism, Humification, Mineralisation
Energy Flow
- Sun is the only source of energy for ecosystems (except deep-sea hydrothermal)
- Less than 50% of solar radiation is Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)
- Plants capture only 2-10% of PAR
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Ecosystem covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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