CBSE Class 12 Chemistry — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components with uniform composition and properties throughout. Types: Gaseous solutions (O₂ + N₂), Liquid solutions (glucose in water), Solid solutio

A: Formula: Mass % = (Mass of component/Total mass) × 100 Step 1: Total mass = 20g + 180g = 200g Step 2: Mass % of NaCl = (20/200) × 100 = 10% Answer: 10% by mass

A: Henry's Law: At constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution. Mathematical form: p = KH × x Where p = partia

A: Haloalkanes (alkyl halides) are compounds where halogen atoms are attached to sp³ hybridized carbon atoms of alkyl groups (R-X). Haloarenes (aryl halides) are compounds where halogen atoms are directl

A: Classification based on the carbon atom to which halogen is attached: 1° (Primary): Halogen attached to primary carbon - CH₃CH₂Cl (ethyl chloride) 2° (Secondary): Halogen attached to secondary carbon

A: Allylic halides: Halogen attached to sp³ carbon adjacent to C=C double bond. Example: CH₂=CH-CH₂Cl (3-chloropropene) Benzylic halides: Halogen attached to sp³ carbon attached to aromatic ring. Example

A: Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and electrical energy. Its two main applications are: (1) Production of electricity from spontaneous chemical reactions (ga

A: A galvanic cell converts chemical energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy. Example: Daniell cell with Zn and Cu electrodes. Cell reaction: Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s). Ce

A: In a galvanic cell: Anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs (negative terminal, electrons are released). Cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs (positive terminal, electrons are consume