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Judiciary

CBSE · Class 12 · Legal Studies

Quick revision notes for Judiciary — CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A diagram illustrating the hierarchical structure of the Indian judicial system, from the Supreme Court down to subordinate courts and tribunals.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Structure and Hierarchy of Indian Judiciary

  • India follows a single integrated judicial system with Supreme Court at apex
  • Three-tier structure: Supreme Court → High Courts → District and Subordinate Courts
  • 25 High Courts serve states and union territories
2

Independence and Constitutional Safeguards

  • Article 50 mandates separation of judiciary from executive
  • Security of tenure until retirement age (SC: 65, HC: 62 years)
  • Fixed salaries from Consolidated Fund, not subject to legislative vote
3

Supreme Court: Jurisdiction and Powers

  • Original Jurisdiction (Article 131): Inter-state and Centre-state disputes
  • Writ Jurisdiction (Article 32): Enforcement of fundamental rights
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Appeals from High Courts with substantial legal questions
4

Public Interest Litigation and Judicial Activism

  • PIL allows public-spirited citizens to approach court on behalf of victims
  • Relaxed locus standi for socially disadvantaged groups
  • Suo moto powers allow courts to take cognizance independently

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The Indian judicial system followsConstitutional safeguards ensure judiciary's autonomy fromPower of courts to examineJudicial principle established in Kesavananda BharatiRelaxed procedure allowing any public

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Judiciary for CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies?
Judiciary covers several key topics that are frequently asked in CBSE Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Judiciary — CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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