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Recent developments in Indian politics

CBSE · Class 12 · Political Science

Quick revision notes for Recent developments in Indian politics — CBSE Class 12 Political Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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An infographic summarizing the five crucial developments that impacted Indian politics in the 1990s: decline of Congress system, rise of Mandal issue, new economic reforms, Ayodhya dispute, and Rajiv
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Key Topics to Revise

1

End of Congress System (1989)

  • Congress party's massive defeat in 1989 elections - reduced from 415 seats (1984) to 197 seats (1989)
  • End of Congress dominance that had existed since independence with brief interruptions
  • Beginning of multi-party system where no single party dominated
2

Mandal Commission and OBC Politics

  • Mandal Commission officially known as Second Backward Classes Commission (1978)
  • Headed by Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal, submitted report in 1980
  • Recommended 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes in government jobs and education
3

Rise of Dalit Politics and BSP

  • Formation of BAMCEF (Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation) in 1978
  • Emergence of Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) under Kanshi Ram's leadership
  • BSP's concept of 'Bahujan' - SC, ST, OBC and minorities as majority population
4

Economic Liberalization

  • New Economic Policy initiated during Rajiv Gandhi's time
  • Became prominent in 1991 under P.V. Narasimha Rao government
  • Known as Structural Adjustment Programme

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The 1989 elections marked the endThe Second Backward Classes Commission (1978)From 1989 to 2014The emergence of Bahujan Samaj PartyThe dispute over Ram Janmabhoomi

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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