The Dairy Farm

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When we multiply a number by 10, each digit moves one place value to the left, making the number 10 times larger. For example: 4 × 10 = 40, 23 × 10 = 230

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When we multiply a number by 100, each digit moves two place values to the left, making the number 100 times larger. For example: 5 × 100 = 500, 34 × 100 = 3,400

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When we multiply a number by 1,000, each digit moves three place values to the left, making the number 1,000 times larger. For example: 2 × 1,000 = 2,000, 15 × 1,000 = 15,000

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The commutative property means the order of numbers doesn't change the product. a × b = b × a. Example: 4 × 6 = 24 and 6 × 4 = 24. Like arranging butter packets: 3 rows of 5 packets = 5 rows of 3 pack

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Step 1: Half of 18 = 9, Step 2: Double 5 = 10, Step 3: 9 × 10 = 90. OR Step 1: Double 18 = 36, Step 2: Half of 5 = 2.5, Step 3: 36 × 2.5 = 90. This works well with numbers like 5 and 25.

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Step 1: Find nearest multiple: 20 is close to 19, Step 2: 4 × 20 = 80, Step 3: Since 20 - 19 = 1, we subtract 4 × 1 = 4, Step 4: 80 - 4 = 76. Therefore, 4 × 19 = 76

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Step 1: Find nearest multiple: 20 is close to 21, Step 2: 14 × 20 = 280, Step 3: Since 21 - 20 = 1, we add 14 × 1 = 14, Step 4: 280 + 14 = 294. Therefore, 14 × 21 = 294

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The distributive property means a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c). Example: 18 × 5 = (10 + 8) × 5 = (10 × 5) + (8 × 5) = 50 + 40 = 90. It helps break down larger numbers into easier parts.