Reshaping India’s Political Map
CBSE · Class 8 · Social Science
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What is the Delhi Sultanate and which five dynasties ruled it?
Answer
The Delhi Sultanate was formed after the defeat of King Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192. It was ruled by five successive foreign dynasties of Turkic-Afghan origin: 1) Mamluks (Slave dynasty), 2) Khiljis (K…
Who was Ala-ud-din Khilji and why did he call himself 'the second Alexander'?
Answer
Ala-ud-din Khilji was a sultan of the Delhi Sultanate who ruled at the turn of the 14th century. He called himself 'Sikander Sani' (the second Alexander) because he conducted extensive military campai…
What was Muhammad bin Tughlaq's capital transfer experiment and why did it fail?
Answer
Muhammad bin Tughlaq moved his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (near present-day Sambhaji Nagar) thinking its central location would offer better control of the empire. People were forced to travel o…
Define iconoclasm and explain its impact during the medieval period in India.
Answer
Iconoclasm is the rejection or destruction of religious images considered idolatrous. During the medieval period, many sultans and rulers attacked and destroyed sacred images in Buddhist, Jain, and Hi…
What was jizya and how was it used as a tool of discrimination?
Answer
Jizya was a tax imposed on non-Muslim subjects by some sultans and Mughal rulers. Officially, it granted them protection and exempted them from military service. In practice, it was a discriminatory t…
Who was Timur and what was the impact of his invasion on Delhi?
Answer
Timur was a brutal Turkic-Mongol conqueror from Central Asia who invaded northwest India at the end of the 14th century. His objectives were to wage war against 'infidels' and plunder wealth. He devas…
Which kingdoms successfully resisted the Delhi Sultanate and how?
Answer
Several kingdoms resisted the Delhi Sultanate: 1) Eastern Ganga kingdom (Kalinga) - ruled by Narasimhadeva I, built the Konark Sun Temple; 2) Hoysalas in the south - built magnificent temples at Belur…
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire and what was the story behind choosing Hampi as capital?
Answer
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, who initially served as governors under Muhammad bin Tughlaq but later established independence. According to folklore, they wi…
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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