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s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals — Revision Notes

JEE Advanced · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals — key concepts, formulas, and definitions for JEE Advanced Chemistry preparation.

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A molecular-level diagram illustrating the hydrolysis of a sulphide ion (S²⁻) in water, showing the formation of hydrosulphide (HS⁻) and hydroxide (OH⁻) ions, explaining the alkaline nature of the sol
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Revision Notes — s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals

Key concepts, formulas, and definitions from s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals for JEE Advanced Chemistry preparation.

Key Topics to Revise

1

General Properties and Electronic Configuration

  • General electronic configuration: ns¹ (where n = 2-7)
  • Atomic size increases down the group: Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs < Fr
  • Ionization energy decreases down the group: Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs > Fr
2

Chemical Reactions and Compounds

  • React vigorously with water: 2M + 2H₂O → 2MOH + H₂↑
  • Form different oxides: Li₂O (monoxide), Na₂O₂ (peroxide), KO₂, RbO₂, CsO₂ (superoxides)
  • React with halogens: 2M + X₂ → 2MX
3

Anomalous Behavior of Lithium

  • Smallest size and highest charge density among alkali metals
  • Forms covalent compounds due to high polarizing power
  • LiOH is weakest base and decomposes on heating: 2LiOH → Li₂O + H₂O
4

Industrial Preparation and Uses

  • Li: Electrolysis of fused LiCl + KCl mixture, used in alloys and batteries
  • Na: Down's cell electrolysis of NaCl + CaCl₂, used in sodium vapor lamps
  • K: Electrolysis of fused KOH, used in fertilizers

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Key Concepts

All alkali metals have ns¹ configurationReactivity increases down the groupLi shows unique properties dueLi resembles Mg due to similarAlkali metals dissolve in liquid NH₃

Frequently Asked Questions

What topics are covered in s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals for JEE Advanced?
s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals is an important chapter in JEE Advanced Chemistry. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: General Properties and Electronic Configuration, Chemical Reactions and Compounds, Anomalous Behavior of Lithium, Industrial Preparation and Uses.
How important is s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals for JEE Advanced?
s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals is a frequently tested chapter in JEE Advanced Chemistry. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 55 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare s-Block Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals for JEE Advanced?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.

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