Chapter 19 of 19
Revision Notes
Biomolecules — Revision Notes
NDA · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Biomolecules — key concepts, formulas, and definitions for NDA Chemistry preparation.
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Key concepts, formulas, and definitions from Biomolecules for NDA Chemistry preparation.
Key Topics to Revise
1
10.1 Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with general formula Cx(H2O)y
- Classification: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
- Reducing sugars contain free aldehyde/ketone groups (maltose, lactose) while non-reducing sugars don't (sucrose)
2
10.2 Proteins
- Proteins are condensation polymers of α-amino acids connected by peptide bonds
- α-amino acids have both -COOH and -NH2 groups attached to the same carbon
- Classification: Neutral (glycine, alanine), Acidic (aspartic acid, glutamic acid), Basic (lysine, arginine, histidine)
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10.3 Enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts, mostly globular proteins
- They increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy
- Show high specificity for substrates and products
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10.4 Vitamins
- Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal growth and health
- Water-soluble vitamins: B-complex (B1, B2, B6, B12) and C - must be supplied regularly
- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K - stored in liver and adipose tissue
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Key Concepts
Carbohydrates have the general formula Cx(H2O)yProteins are polymers of αEnzymes are biological catalysts that lowerVitamins are organic compounds requiredDNA and RNA are polymers
Frequently Asked Questions
What topics are covered in Biomolecules for NDA?
Biomolecules is an important chapter in NDA Chemistry. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: 10.1 Carbohydrates, 10.2 Proteins, 10.3 Enzymes, 10.4 Vitamins.
How important is Biomolecules for NDA?
Biomolecules is a frequently tested chapter in NDA Chemistry. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 322 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare Biomolecules for NDA?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.
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