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Formula Sheet

Equilibrium — Formula Sheet

NEST · Chemistry

All important formulas from Equilibrium for NEST Chemistry. Quick reference for revision and problem solving.

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A comparison illustrating why physical equilibrium (like liquid-vapor equilibrium) can only be achieved in a closed system, not an open one, due to the containment of matter.
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Formula Sheet — Equilibrium

Important formulas and equations from Equilibrium for NEST Chemistry.

Formulas — Equilibrium

Basic Equilibrium Concepts

Kc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b
Kp = Kc(RT)^Δng
Qc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b
ΔG° = -RT ln Kc

Acids, Bases and pH

pH = -log[H+]
Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C
pKw = pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
α = √(Ka/C)

Buffer Solutions

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
pOH = pKb + log([BH+]/[B])
Buffer capacity = moles of acid or base added / change in pH

Salt Hydrolysis

Kh = Kw/Ka (for salt of weak acid + strong base)
Kh = Kw/Kb (for salt of strong acid + weak base)
h = √(Kh/C)
pH = 1/2[pKw + pKa + log C]

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Frequently Asked Questions

What topics are covered in Equilibrium for NEST?
Equilibrium is an important chapter in NEST Chemistry. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: 6.1 Equilibrium in Physical Processes, 6.2-6.3 Chemical Equilibrium and Law of Mass Action, 6.4-6.5 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Equilibria, 6.6-6.7 Applications and Thermodynamic Relations.
How important is Equilibrium for NEST?
Equilibrium is a frequently tested chapter in NEST Chemistry. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 284 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare Equilibrium for NEST?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.

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