Heredity

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Heredity is the process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring through genetic material (DNA). It explains why children resemble their parents but also show var

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In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parents combines, creating new combinations of traits. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are nearly identical to the parent, with only mino

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Gregor Mendel is known as the 'Father of Genetics'. He used garden pea plants (Pisum sativum) for his inheritance experiments because they had clearly contrasting traits and could be easily cross-poll

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1. Plant height: Tall vs Short 2. Seed shape: Round vs Wrinkled 3. Flower color: White vs Violet (Other traits included seed color, pod shape, pod color, and flower position)

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed even when only one copy of the gene is present. It masks the expression of the recessive trait. Example: In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant over shortnes

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A recessive trait is one that is expressed only when both copies of the gene are present (homozygous recessive). Example: In pea plants, shortness (t) is recessive. A plant must have tt to be short.

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All F1 plants were tall (Tt). There were no intermediate height plants. This showed that tallness is dominant over shortness, and the F1 generation showed only the dominant trait.

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The F2 generation showed a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants. Genotypically, it was 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt, but phenotypically 3 tall : 1 short because both TT and Tt appear tall.