Human Development
Gujarat Board · Class 10 · Social Science
Quick revision notes for Human Development — Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Meaning and Concept of Human Development
- Human development is defined by UNDP as a process of extending human aspirations and essential subsistence services
- It is a human-centered approach to development focusing on expanding human capabilities, preferences, freedom, and human rights
- Earlier, development was measured only by economic indicators like per capita income and GNP
Human Development Index (HDI)
- HDI concept was developed by Nobel Prize winner economist Amartya Sen (of Indian origin)
- First Human Development Report was published in 1990 by UNDP
- HDI is calculated using three main dimensions: Health, Education, and Living Standards
Human Development Report and India's Position
- HDR is published annually since 1990 by UNDP
- 2015 HDR included 188 countries divided into four categories
- Norway topped with HDI 0.944, Australia 2nd (0.935), Switzerland 3rd (0.930)
Challenges of Human Development
- Three main challenges: Health, Gender Equality, and Women Empowerment
- Health challenges include population growth, diseases, malnutrition, and inadequate healthcare
- Progress made in child vaccination programs (OPV, BCG, Hepatitis-B, DPT, Measles, MMR, Typhoid)
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