Equilibrium
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Flashcards for Equilibrium — Gujarat Board Class 11 Chemistry. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is dynamic equilibrium and how is it different from static equilibrium?
Answer
Dynamic equilibrium is a state where the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction, with no net change in concentration of reactants and products. Unlike static equilibrium where th…
Write the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
Answer
Kc = [NH₃]²/([N₂][H₂]³) For the general reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD: Kc = [C]ᶜ[D]ᵈ/[A]ᵃ[B]ᵇ Products in numerator, reactants in denominator, each raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.
What is the relationship between Kp and Kc? Derive it.
Answer
Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn Where: - Δn = (moles of gaseous products) - (moles of gaseous reactants) - R = 0.0831 bar L mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ - T = temperature in Kelvin Derivation: Since p = [gas]RT for each gas, substitut…
What is reaction quotient (Q) and how is it used to predict reaction direction?
Answer
Reaction quotient (Q) has the same expression as K but uses concentrations at any time, not just at equilibrium. Predicting direction: - If Q < K: reaction proceeds forward (→) - If Q > K: reaction p…
State Le Chatelier's principle and give an example.
Answer
Le Chatelier's Principle: When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will shift to counteract the applied change. Example: For N₂ + 3…
How does temperature affect equilibrium constant? Compare exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Answer
Temperature is the ONLY factor that changes the value of K: Exothermic reactions (ΔH < 0): - Increasing temperature → K decreases - Decreasing temperature → K increases Endothermic reactions (ΔH > 0…
Compare Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases.
Answer
Arrhenius: - Acid: produces H⁺ in water - Base: produces OH⁻ in water Brönsted-Lowry: - Acid: proton (H⁺) donor - Base: proton (H⁺) acceptor Lewis: - Acid: electron pair acceptor - Base: electron pa…
What are conjugate acid-base pairs? Give examples.
Answer
A conjugate acid-base pair differs by only one proton (H⁺). Conjugate acid = base + H⁺ Conjugate base = acid - H⁺ Examples: - HCl/Cl⁻ (HCl is acid, Cl⁻ is conjugate base) - NH₃/NH₄⁺ (NH₃ is base, NH…
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