Temperature
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Geography
Quick revision notes for Temperature — Gujarat Board Class 11 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Solar Radiation and Insolation
- Sun is the primary source of heat energy for Earth, located approximately 15 crore km away
- Nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei in Sun's core releases tremendous energy
- Sun's surface temperature: 6000°C, Central temperature: 1.5 crore°C
Factors Affecting Distribution of Insolation
- Angular length of Sun's rays: Vertical rays in tropics receive more heat, slanting rays in polar regions receive less
- Length of day: Longer days receive more insolation (summer > winter)
- Density of atmosphere and height: 40-50% insolation absorbed in atmosphere, thin atmosphere absorbs less
Heat Budget of Earth
- 18% insolation directly absorbed by atmosphere
- 47% insolation reaches and absorbed by Earth's surface
- 35% insolation reflected back as Albedo
Factors Affecting Temperature
- Latitude: Temperature decreases from equator to poles due to angular difference of Sun's rays
- Height above sea level: Temperature decreases with altitude (lapse rate 6.5°C/1000m)
- Distance from sea: Coastal areas moderate, continental areas extreme temperatures
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Temperature covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Gujarat Board Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
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