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Revision Notes

The d-and f-Block Elements

Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

Quick revision notes for The d-and f-Block Elements — Gujarat Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A flowchart detailing the industrial preparation of potassium dichromate, starting from chromite ore and involving fusion, acidification, and conversion steps.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Position and Electronic Configuration

  • d-block elements: Groups 3-12, with general electronic configuration (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns¹⁻²
  • Four transition series: 3d (Sc-Zn), 4d (Y-Cd), 5d (La, Hf-Hg), 6d (Ac, Rf-Cn)
  • Exceptions in electronic configuration: Cr [Ar]3d⁵4s¹, Cu [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ (due to stability of half-filled and completely filled d-orbitals)
2

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Physical properties: High melting/boiling points, metallic luster, good conductors, high density
  • Atomic and ionic radii decrease across a series due to increasing nuclear charge
  • Lanthanoid contraction: Gradual decrease in size of lanthanoid atoms/ions due to poor shielding of 4f electrons
3

Important Compounds - Potassium Dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)

  • Preparation from chromite ore (FeCr₂O₄) by alkaline fusion followed by acidification
  • Orange colored crystals, strong oxidizing agent in acidic medium
  • Chromate-dichromate equilibrium depends on pH
4

Important Compounds - Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)

  • Preparation by oxidation of MnO₂ in alkaline medium followed by disproportionation
  • Deep purple crystals, strong oxidizing agent in all media
  • Different reduction products in different pH: Mn²⁺ (acidic), MnO₂ (neutral), MnO₄²⁻ (basic)

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

dTransition elements show multiple oxidation statesProgressive decrease in atomic and ionicd¹Paramagnetic behavior due to unpaired d

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in The d-and f-Block Elements for Gujarat Board Class 12 Chemistry?
The d-and f-Block Elements covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Gujarat Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in The d-and f-Block Elements — Gujarat Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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