Population
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Economics
Quick revision notes for Population — Gujarat Board Class 12 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Population Explosion - Meaning and Trends
- Population explosion occurs when death rate falls rapidly but birth rate doesn't fall proportionally, causing rapid population increase
- India's population grew from 36.1 crores (1951) to 121.02 crores (2011) - an increase of 84.92 crores in 60 years
- Average population growth rate was around 2.5% annually
Demographic Distribution and Composition
- Male population consistently higher than female: 51.54% males vs 48.46% females (2011)
- Gender ratio declining: 972 females per 1000 males (1901) to 940 females per 1000 males (2011)
- Kerala has best gender ratio (1084 females per 1000 males), Haryana worst (879 per 1000)
Birth Rate and Death Rate Analysis
- Birth rate declined from 39.9 per 1000 (1951) to 21.8 per 1000 (2011)
- Death rate fell dramatically from 27.4 per 1000 (1951) to 7.1 per 1000 (2011)
- Death rate declined faster than birth rate, causing population explosion
Causes of High Birth Rate
- Social Factors: Universal marriage practice, early marriages, preference for male child, joint family system
- Economic Factors: Low education levels, low income levels, high infant mortality leading to more births
- Other Factors: High fertility rate, lack of family planning awareness
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