Excretory System
ICSE · Class 10 · Biology
Flashcards for Excretory System — ICSE Class 10 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedWhat is excretion? Define the process and its importance.
Answer
Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the cells or body of an organism. It is important because during cellular reactions, waste products are formed which need to be removed to prevent tox…
List the main organs of the human excretory system.
Answer
The human excretory system consists of: 1) Two kidneys, 2) Two ureters, 3) One urinary bladder, 4) One urethra. These organs work together to filter blood and remove waste products.
Describe the location and physical characteristics of kidneys in humans.
Answer
Kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm, one on each side of the vertebral column. They are bean-shaped, reddish organs measuring about 12×6×3 cm and weighing about 150g. The r…
What are the two main regions visible in a longitudinal section of the kidney?
Answer
The two main regions are: 1) Cortex - outer dark colored region with dotted appearance due to Malpighian capsules, PCT, and DCT, 2) Medulla - inner light colored region with striated appearance due to…
What is a nephron? State its importance.
Answer
A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each human kidney contains about 1.2 million nephrons. It is responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and maintaining wa…
Name the two major parts of a nephron and their components.
Answer
The two major parts are: 1) Malpighian capsule - composed of Bowman's capsule (double-layered cup) and glomerulus (bunch of capillaries), 2) Renal tubule - includes PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, and collec…
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Answer
PCT is lined by cuboidal cells with microvilli that provide large surface area for selective absorption. It reabsorbs water, glucose, sodium, potassium, bicarbonates, phosphate, amino acids, and some …
Explain the three steps of urine formation.
Answer
1) Ultrafiltration - filtration of blood in glomerulus under pressure to form filtrate, 2) Selective reabsorption - useful substances are reabsorbed back into blood, 3) Tubular secretion - additional …
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