Excretory System
ICSE · Class 10 · Biology
Quick revision notes for Excretory System — ICSE Class 10 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Introduction to Excretion
- Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from cells or body of an organism
- Main waste products include CO₂, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and bile pigments
- Excretory organs include kidneys (chief), skin, lungs, liver, and intestine
Human Excretory System Structure
- Components: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra
- Kidneys are bean-shaped, reddish organs located below diaphragm
- Right kidney is slightly lower than left kidney
Kidney Structure
- Enclosed in tough fibrous capsule
- Two regions: outer cortex (dark) and inner medulla (light)
- Cortex contains Malpighian capsules, PCT, and DCT
Nephron - Structure and Function
- Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney
- Each kidney has about 1.2 million nephrons
- Two parts: Malpighian capsule and renal tubule
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