Sense Organs
ICSE · Class 10 · Biology
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Basic Concepts and Terminology
- Sense organs are specialized organs that receive external or internal changes, also called receptors
- Stimulus (plural: stimuli) - Any change that may affect body function
- Response - Reaction of the body to a stimulus
Types of Receptors
- Mechanoreceptors - Detect sound, touch, vibrations, pressure (ears, skin)
- Thermoreceptors - Sense temperature changes (nerve endings in skin)
- Chemoreceptors - Sense chemical stimuli (nose, tongue)
Structure of Human Eye
- Eyes are spherical, located in orbits of skull bones
- Six ocular muscles keep eye in fixed position
- Protected by upper and lower eyelids with eyelashes
Functions of Eye Parts
- Rhodopsin (visual purple) in rods - enables night vision, requires Vitamin A
- Iodopsin (visual violet) in cones - detects red, blue, green colors
- Macula lutea - area of brightest vision with fovea centralis
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