ICSE Class 10 Chemistry — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: The Modern Periodic Law was proposed by Moseley. It states that 'The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.' This means that when elements are

A: Atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell (valence shell) of electrons. Units: Angstrom (Å) where 1Å = 10⁻⁸ cm = 10⁻¹⁰ m, or picometers (pm) where 1 pm = 10⁻¹

A: Down a group: Atomic radius INCREASES because new shells are added, making the atom larger despite increased nuclear charge. Across a period: Atomic radius DECREASES because nuclear charge increases

A: A chemical bond is the attractive force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound. Atoms form chemical bonds to: (1) Achieve stability by attaining minimum energy state, and (2) Acquire nobl

A: Octet Rule: During the formation of a molecule, an atom gains, loses, or shares electrons until it acquires a stable configuration of eight electrons in its valence shell (like noble gases). Exception

A: Electrovalent/Ionic bond: The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by complete transfer of electrons from electropositive atom (metal) to electronegative atom (non-

A: An acid is a chemical compound that furnishes hydronium ions (H3O+) as the only positively charged ions when dissolved in water. Acids turn blue litmus red and have a sour taste.

A: The basicity of an acid is the number of hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydrogen ions (H+) furnished by one molecule of the acid in aqueous solution. Example: HCl has basicity 1 (monobasic), H2SO4 has basic

A: Mineral acids are derived from minerals (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4), are strong, corrosive, and completely ionize in water. Organic acids are derived from living organisms (CH3COOH, HCOOH), are weak, less corr