Metallurgy
ICSE · Class 10 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Metallurgy — ICSE Class 10 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Occurrence of Metals in Nature
- Most metals occur in combined state in earth's crust as compounds (oxides, carbonates, sulphides, etc.)
- Only less reactive metals like gold, silver, and platinum occur in free state
- Earth's crust composition: Oxygen (46.6%), Silicon (27.7%), Aluminium (8%), Iron (5%)
Classification of Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids
- Metals: Electropositive elements that lose electrons to form positive ions
- Metals have 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons
- Properties of metals: lustrous, good conductors, malleable, ductile, sonorous, high melting points
Activity Series and Metal Extraction Methods
- Activity Series: Li > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Sn > Pb > [H] > Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au
- Most reactive metals at top, least reactive at bottom
- Extraction method depends on position in activity series
Stages of Metal Extraction
- Step 1: Crushing of ores into smaller pieces
- Step 2: Concentration/Dressing of ores to remove gangue
- Step 3: Conversion of concentrated ore to oxide form
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