Public Revenue
ICSE · Class 10 · Economics
Quick revision notes for Public Revenue — ICSE Class 10 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Meaning and Significance of Public Revenue
- Public Revenue refers to the total income of government from all sources like taxes, fees, fines, borrowings, etc.
- Dr. Dalton defined public income in narrow sense (revenue resources - no repayment required) and broad sense (public receipts - includes loans)
- Modern governments need public revenue to perform welfare functions for society
Sources of Public Revenue
- Two main categories: Tax Revenue and Non-Tax Revenue
- Tax Revenue: Income from taxes and duties levied by government
- Non-Tax Revenue: Income from sources other than taxes (interest, dividend, fees, fines)
Objectives and Significance of Taxes
- Raising Revenue: Primary objective to meet state expenditure for government functions
- Reducing Income Inequalities: Progressive taxation on rich to redistribute wealth
- Regulation of Consumption and Production: Discourage harmful goods like cigarettes, alcohol
Direct and Indirect Taxes
- Classification based on whether tax burden can be shifted to others
- Direct Taxes: Paid by same person on whom imposed - burden cannot be shifted (Income Tax, Corporation Tax, Wealth Tax)
- Indirect Taxes: Burden can be shifted partially or wholly to others (GST, Excise Duty, Sales Tax)
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