Calorimetry

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Heat is the energy in transit that flows from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature. It is the total kinetic energy of all molecules in a substance. Temperature is the degree of

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One calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C (i.e., through 1°C). Relation: 1 calorie = 4.186 joule ≈ 4.2 J. The SI unit of heat is joul

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The quantity of heat depends on: (1) Mass of the substance (m), (2) Nature of material (specific heat capacity c), (3) Change in temperature (Δt). Formula: Q = mcΔt, where Q = amount of heat, m = mass

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Thermal capacity (C') is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the entire mass of a body by 1°C or 1K. Formula: C' = Q/Δt = mc. Unit: cal/°C or J/K or kJ/K. It depends on both mass a

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Specific heat capacity (c) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1°C or 1K. Formula: c = Q/(m×Δt). Units: cal/(g·°C) or J/(kg·K). It depends only on th

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Heat capacity (C') = Mass (m) × Specific heat capacity (c). Or C' = mc. Heat capacity depends on both mass and material, while specific heat capacity depends only on material. For the same material, a

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Specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 × 10³ J/(kg·K) or 1.0 cal/(g·°C). It is the highest among common substances. This high value makes water useful as: coolant in radiators, heat reservoir, climat

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Construction: Cylindrical copper vessel with polished surfaces, placed in wooden box with insulating material, covered with wooden lid, has thermometer and stirrer. Principle: Heat lost by hot body =