Seed Structure and Germination
ICSE · Class 9 · Biology
Quick revision notes for Seed Structure and Germination — ICSE Class 9 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Basic Definitions and Concepts
- Fruit is the enlarged ripened ovary with the ovarian wall forming the fruit wall that encloses the seed
- Seed is the ripened ovule containing an embryo that develops into a new plant
- Grain (as in maize, wheat) is a fruit where the fruit-wall and seed coat are fused together
Classification and Types of Seeds
- Seeds are classified into monocotyledonous (one cotyledon) and dicotyledonous (two cotyledons)
- Monocot examples: maize, grasses, wheat, rice
- Dicot examples: pea, gram, bean, mustard
Structure of Bean Seed (Dicotyledonous)
- Bean seeds are kidney-shaped with convex and concave sides
- Seed coat consists of testa (outer hard covering) and tegmen (inner thin layer)
- Hilum is the whitish oval scar marking attachment point to ovary wall
Structure of Maize Grain (Monocotyledonous)
- Maize grain is technically a fruit where fruit wall and seed coat are fused
- Contains single cotyledon called scutellum
- Large endosperm rich in starch occupies most of the grain
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