Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE · Class 9 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Atmospheric Pollution — ICSE Class 9 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Introduction to Environmental Pollution
- Environment comprises air, water and land - the physical and biological world
- Pollution is derived from Latin word 'pollutes' meaning 'made dirty'
- Environmental pollution is the effect of undesirable changes that harm plants, animals and humans
Air Pollution and Major Pollutants
- Air pollution means degradation of air quality due to harmful contaminants
- Pure air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.94% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide
- Major gaseous pollutants: SO₂, H₂S, NO, NO₂, CO, fluorides, hydrocarbons
Acid Rain
- Normal rain pH is 5-6 due to CO₂ forming weak carbonic acid
- Acid rain pH ranges from 3-5, sometimes as low as 2
- Caused by oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dissolving in rain water
Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect
- Three-fourths of sun's energy is absorbed by earth's surface
- Greenhouse gases trap heat in atmosphere causing global warming
- Major greenhouse gases: CO₂ (50%), CH₄ (19%), CFC (17%), O₃ (8%), N₂O (4%), H₂O (2%)
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