Current Electricity

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Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. If charge Q flows through a cross-section in time t, then Current (I) = Q/t. It is a scalar quantity measured in amperes (A

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The SI unit of current is ampere (A). 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/1 second. Current is 1 A if 1 coulomb of charge flows through a cross-section in 1 second. This means 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons pass through the

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Conventional current flows from positive terminal to negative terminal (high potential to low potential). Electronic current is the actual flow of electrons from negative to positive terminal (low pot

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Direct current (DC): Current of constant magnitude flowing in one direction. Example: Cell, battery. Alternating current (AC): Current whose magnitude and direction change with time periodically. Exam

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Primary cells: (1) Irreversible chemical reaction (2) Cannot be recharged (3) Use and throw type. Examples: Dry cell, Daniel cell. Secondary cells: (1) Reversible chemical reaction (2) Can be recharge

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Potential difference between two points is the work done in transferring unit positive charge from one point to another. Formula: V = W/Q, where W = work done, Q = charge transferred. SI unit: Volt (V

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Ohm's Law: Current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided temperature remains constant. Mathematical expression: V = IR or R = V/I o

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Electrical resistance is the obstruction offered by a conductor to the flow of current. In metals, moving electrons collide with fixed positive ions and other free electrons, causing them to slow down