Upthrust in Fluids and Archimedes Principle and Floatation

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Upthrust (or buoyant force) is the upward force exerted on a body by a fluid when it is partially or wholly immersed in it. It acts vertically upward at the centre of buoyancy. Its unit is Newton (N)

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Buoyancy is the property of a fluid to exert an upward force on a body immersed in it. Example: When you push an empty can into water, you feel resistance and need more force as more of the can goes u

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(1) Larger the volume of body submerged in fluid, greater is the upthrust. (2) For same volume inside fluid, greater the density of fluid, greater is the upthrust. (3) Upthrust acts upward at the cent

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When a body is immersed in fluid, the pressure at the bottom face (greater depth) is more than at the top face (lesser depth). This pressure difference creates a net upward force. Force = (P₂ - P₁) ×

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Archimedes' principle states that when a body is immersed partially or completely in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

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Upthrust FB = V × ρ × g, where V = volume of fluid displaced by submerged part of body, ρ = density of fluid, g = acceleration due to gravity. This shows upthrust equals weight of displaced fluid.

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(i) Sink: W > F'B (density of body > density of fluid) (ii) Float just below surface: W = F'B (density of body = density of fluid) (iii) Float partially: W < F'B (density of body < density of fluid)

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Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Formula: ρ = M/V, where M = mass, V = volume. S.I. unit is kg/m³. C.G.S. unit is g/cm³.