Mechanical Advantage in Action

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Simple machines are devices that change the magnitude of the effect of force or the direction of the force or both. Main advantages: 1) Changes the magnitude of the effect of force 2) Changes the dire

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Effort (E): The force we apply to a simple machine. Load (L): The force the simple machine has to overcome. Mechanical Advantage (MA): The ratio of load to effort. Formula: MA = Load/Effort = L/E. It

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Given: Effort = 40 N, MA = 3, Load = ? Formula: MA = Load/Effort Therefore: Load = MA × Effort Load = 3 × 40 N = 120 N The nail applies a load of 120 N.

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Lever: A rigid rod that can rotate around a fixed point called fulcrum. Fulcrum: The fixed point around which the lever rotates. Load arm (LA): Perpendicular distance from load to fulcrum. Effort arm

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Principle of Lever: When a lever is in equilibrium, Load × Load arm = Effort × Effort arm (L × LA = E × EA). Derivation: L × LA = E × EA, Therefore L/E = EA/LA. Since MA = L/E, Mechanical Advantage of

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First Order Lever: Fulcrum is between load and effort. Examples: common balance, scissors, seesaw, crowbar. MA = EA/LA. If EA > LA, MA > 1. If EA = LA, MA = 1. If EA < LA, MA < 1. In common balance, E

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Second Order Lever: Load is between effort and fulcrum. Examples: wheelbarrow, nutcracker, bottle opener. In second order levers, effort arm is always longer than load arm (EA > LA). Therefore, mechan

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Third Order Lever: Effort is between load and fulcrum. Examples: forceps, tweezers, fishing rod, human arm. Load arm is longer than effort arm (LA > EA), so MA < 1. Advantage: Helps handle objects saf