Sound Waves

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Oscillatory motion is a periodic motion in which an object moves to and fro at regular intervals of time about its equilibrium position. Examples: (1) Motion of a pendulum in a clock, (2) Motion of a

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Amplitude (a) is the magnitude of maximum displacement to one side from the equilibrium position. SI unit: metre (m). It represents how far the oscillating object moves from its rest position during o

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Period and frequency are inversely related. Formula: f = 1/T or T = 1/f. Where: T = period (time for one oscillation) in seconds, f = frequency (oscillations per second) in Hz. As period increases, fr

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Given: 20 oscillations in 40 s Period (T) = Total time/Number of oscillations = 40s/20 = 2 s Frequency (f) = Number of oscillations/Total time = 20/40 = 0.5 Hz Alternatively: f = 1/T = 1/2 = 0.5 Hz

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Natural frequency is the innate frequency at which an object vibrates when it oscillates freely without external force. Factors influencing natural frequency: (1) Length of the object, (2) Size of the

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Forced vibration is the vibration of an object induced by an external vibrating object. Example: When a vibrating tuning fork is pressed against a table, the table also starts vibrating due to the tun

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Resonance occurs when objects vibrate with maximum amplitude due to external forcing. Condition: The natural frequency of the forcing object must equal the natural frequency of the forced object. When

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Applications of resonance: (1) MRI scanning in medical diagnosis, (2) Radio tuning to specific frequencies, (3) Musical instruments like guitar, violin, veena, (4) Stethoscope for amplifying heartbeat