Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Karnataka Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Flashcards for Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure — Karnataka Board Class 11 Chemistry. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is the Octet Rule according to Kössel and Lewis?
Answer
The Octet Rule states that atoms can combine either by transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another or by sharing of valence electrons in order to have an octet (8 electrons) in their valenc…
Define Lewis symbols and explain their significance.
Answer
Lewis symbols are notations introduced by G.N. Lewis to represent valence electrons in an atom using dots around the chemical symbol. The number of dots represents the number of valence electrons, whi…
What is formal charge and how is it calculated?
Answer
Formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons of an atom in its free state and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in the Lewis structure. Formula: F.C. = [valence …
List three limitations of the Octet Rule with examples.
Answer
1. Incomplete octet: Elements with less than 8 electrons (e.g., BeCl₂, BCl₃) 2. Odd-electron molecules: Molecules with odd number of electrons (e.g., NO, NO₂) 3. Expanded octet: Elements beyond 3rd pe…
Define lattice enthalpy and explain its significance in ionic bonding.
Answer
Lattice enthalpy is the energy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent ions. It provides a qualitative measure of the stability of an ionic compound…
What are the key bond parameters and their definitions?
Answer
1. Bond Length: Equilibrium distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms 2. Bond Angle: Angle between orbitals containing bonding electron pairs around central atom 3. Bond Enthalpy: Energy required to…
Calculate the bond order for O₂ molecule and predict its magnetic nature.
Answer
Electronic configuration of O₂: σ1s² σ*1s² σ2s² σ*2s² σ2pz² π2px² π2py² π*2px¹ π*2py¹ Bonding electrons (Nb) = 10, Antibonding electrons (Na) = 6 Bond order = ½(10-6) = 2 O₂ has two unpaired electrons…
What is resonance? Explain with the example of ozone (O₃).
Answer
Resonance occurs when a single Lewis structure cannot accurately represent a molecule. Multiple structures with similar energy (canonical structures) are considered, and their hybrid represents the ac…
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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