Biodiversity and Conservation
Karnataka Board · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of Biodiversity and Conservation for Karnataka Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life forms found on Earth at all levels of biological organization. From the vast Amazon rainforest with over 40,000 plant species to India's 50,000 genetically different rice strains, our planet showcases remarkable diversity. This chapter explores t
Key Concepts
Biodiversity
Biodiversity, coined by Edward Wilson, represents the combined diversity at all biological organization levels. It includes: (1) Genetic diversity - v
Over 1
Over 1.5 million species are documented globally, with estimates of 7 million total species (Robert May). Animals comprise 70% of known species, with
Species diversity generally decreases from equator
Species diversity generally decreases from equator to poles. Colombia (near equator) has 1,400 bird species, New York (41°N) has 105, and Greenland (7
Alexander von Humboldt discovered that species
Alexander von Humboldt discovered that species richness increases with area following the equation: log S = log C + Z log A, where S is species richne
(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(1) Habitat loss and fragmentation - tropical rainforests reduced from 14% to 6% of Earth's surface, (2) Over-exploitation - examples include Steller'
Learning Objectives
- Understand the concept and levels of biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecological)
- Learn about global and Indian biodiversity patterns and statistics
- Analyze factors affecting biodiversity distribution like latitudinal gradients and species-area relationships
- Examine the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss
- Explore conservation strategies including in-situ and ex-situ methods
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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