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Biomolecules

Karnataka Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

Complete topic list for Biomolecules in Karnataka Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

42 questions24 flashcards5 concepts

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A multi-panel diagram illustrating the four levels of protein structure: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha-helix, beta-pleated sheet), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (multiple pol
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4 Topics · Karnataka Board Class 12 Chemistry

Topics in Biomolecules

1

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with general formula Cx(H2O)y
  • Classified into three groups: Monosaccharides (cannot be hydrolyzed further), Oligosaccharides (yield 2-10 monosaccharide units), Polysaccharides (yield large number of monosaccharide units)
  • Monosaccharides are classified as aldoses (contain aldehyde group) or ketoses (contain ketone group)
2

Proteins

  • Proteins are polymers of α-amino acids connected by peptide bonds (amide linkages)
  • 20 different α-amino acids exist; 10 are essential (must be obtained from diet)
  • Amino acids are classified as acidic, basic, or neutral based on functional groups
3

Enzymes

  • Enzymes are biocatalysts that are mostly globular proteins
  • Highly specific for particular reactions and substrates
  • Named after substrate (maltase) or reaction type (oxidoreductase) with -ase ending
4

Vitamins

  • Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal growth and health
  • Cannot be synthesized by human body (except some by gut bacteria)
  • Classified into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C)

Key Concepts

Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketonesPolymers of αBiocatalysts that are mostly globular proteinsOrganic compounds required in small amountsPolynucleotides composed of nucleotides (base +

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biomolecules for Karnataka Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Biomolecules covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Karnataka Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biomolecules — Karnataka Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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