Database Concepts

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A file system is a method where data is stored in separate files on computer storage devices. Main limitations include: (1) Difficulty in Access - requires writing programs to retrieve data, (2) Data

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A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that creates and manages databases. It serves as an interface between users/applications and the database, allowing users to store, manage, update, modi

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Database Schema is the design/structure of a database showing table names, fields, data types, constraints and relationships - it's the skeleton or logical architecture. Database Instance is the actua

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Data constraints are restrictions/limitations on the type of data that can be inserted in table columns. They ensure data accuracy and reliability. Example: In STUDENT table, RollNumber column can hav

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Meta-data or data dictionary is data about the data. It stores the database schema along with various constraints in a database catalog maintained by DBMS. It contains information about table structur

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Three data manipulation operations are: (1) Insertion - Adding new data (e.g., new student joins, add to STUDENT and GUARDIAN tables), (2) Deletion - Removing data (e.g., student leaves school, remove

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Relational data model organizes data in tables (called relations) with rows and columns. Each table has multiple columns with unique names, and each row represents related set of values. It's most com

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Attribute: Column/field in a table (e.g., GUID, GName). Tuple: Each row of data in a relation. Domain: Set of possible values for an attribute (e.g., integers for RollNumber). Degree: Number of attrib