Water Resources
Karnataka Board · Class 12 · Geography
Flashcards for Water Resources — Karnataka Board Class 12 Geography. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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See them allWhat percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water, and what percentage is freshwater available for human use?
Answer
71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, but only 3% is freshwater. Of this freshwater, only a very small proportion is effectively available for human use due to geographical and accessibility c…
What is India's share of world's surface area, water resources, and population?
Answer
India accounts for 2.45% of world's surface area, 4% of world's water resources, and more than 17% of world's population. This shows the high pressure on India's limited water resources.
Calculate India's total utilizable water resource from the given data: Total precipitation = 4000 cubic km, Available from surface and groundwater = 1869 cubic km, Beneficial use percentage = 60%
Answer
Total utilizable water resource = 1869 × 60% = 1869 × 0.6 = 1122 cubic km. This represents only about 28% of total precipitation received in the country.
Name the four major sources of surface water in India and the constraint on their utilization.
Answer
Four major sources: Rivers, Lakes, Ponds, and Tanks. Though mean annual flow is 1869 cubic km, only 690 cubic km (32%) can be utilized due to topographical, hydrological, and other constraints.
Why do Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak river basins have 60% of total surface water resources despite covering only one-third of India's area?
Answer
These rivers have huge catchment areas and receive relatively high precipitation during monsoons. The high rainfall in their catchment areas results in greater water flow, making them water-rich compa…
What is the total replenishable groundwater resource in India, and which states show high utilization?
Answer
Total replenishable groundwater = 432 cubic km. High utilization states: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Low utilization states: Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala. Moderate utilization: Gujarat, UP…
What are the sectoral water utilization percentages in India for surface water and groundwater?
Answer
Surface Water: Agriculture 89%, Domestic 9%, Industrial 2%. Groundwater: Agriculture 92%, Industrial 5%, Domestic 3%. Agriculture dominates water utilization in both surface and groundwater.
Why is irrigation necessary in India? List the main reasons.
Answer
1. Spatio-temporal variability in rainfall 2. Large drought-prone areas (NW India, Deccan) 3. Dry winter and summer seasons 4. High water requirement crops (rice, sugarcane, jute) 5. Enables multiple …
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Sources & Official References
- Karnataka SSLC — kseeb.kar.nic.in
- Dept of Pre-University Education, Karnataka
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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