Atoms and Molecules

Two fundamental laws govern how elements

Two fundamental laws govern how elements combine: (1) Law of Conservation of Mass - mass remains constant during chemical reactions (demonstrated thro

Six key postulates

Six key postulates: (1) All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms, (2) Atoms are indivisible and indestructible, (3) Atoms of same element ar

Atoms are extremely small (radius ~10⁻¹⁰

Atoms are extremely small (radius ~10⁻¹⁰ m), with sizes measured in nanometers. Millions of atoms stacked together would barely equal the thickness of

Atomic mass unit (u) is defined

Atomic mass unit (u) is defined as 1/12th the mass of carbon-12 atom. Relative atomic masses compare all elements to this standard. For example: H=1u,

Molecules are groups of atoms chemically

Molecules are groups of atoms chemically bonded together, representing the smallest particles showing compound properties. Atomicity indicates number