Circulation

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The circulatory system is a specialized transport system that carries materials (nutrients, gases, liquids) quickly and efficiently throughout the body. Multicellular organisms need it because simple

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Pulse is the rhythmic pushing sensation felt when blood moves through arteries. It is caused by the heart pumping blood into arteries with each beat. The pulse rate equals the heart beat rate - both r

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The heart has four chambers: 1) Right Atrium - receives deoxygenated blood from body parts, 2) Right Ventricle - pumps blood to lungs, 3) Left Atrium - receives oxygenated blood from lungs, 4) Left Ve

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Arteries: Carry blood away from heart, have thick walls, no valves (except at heart), carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery), high pressure. Veins: Carry blood to heart, have thin walls, con

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A cardiac cycle is one complete sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers (both atria and ventricles). It includes systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation). The entire cardia

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'Lub' is the first sound produced when the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) close forcibly as ventricles contract. 'Dub' is the second sound produced when the semilunar valves in the a

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Single circulation: Blood passes through the heart only once during one complete circulation (found in fish). Double circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice - once through pulmonary circulat

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Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels with walls made of a single layer of cells. They connect arteries and veins, allow exchange of materials between blood and tissues through diffusion, and enab