Statistics

The mean can be calculated using

The mean can be calculated using three methods: (1) Direct Method: x̄ = Σfixi/Σfi (2) Assumed Mean Method: x̄ = a + Σfidi/Σfi, where di = xi - a (3) S

Mode is the value that occurs

Mode is the value that occurs most frequently. For grouped data: Mode = l + [(f1 - f0)/(2f1 - f0 - f2)] × h, where l = lower boundary of modal class,

Median is the middle value

Median is the middle value that divides the data into two equal parts. Formula: Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h, where l = lower boundary of median cl

Two types

Two types: (1) Less than type - shows number of observations less than upper boundary of each class (2) More than type - shows number of observations

Cumulative frequency curves plotted on graph

Cumulative frequency curves plotted on graph paper. Less than ogive uses upper boundaries on x-axis, more than ogive uses lower boundaries. The inters