Cell Structure and Function

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A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It may be defined as a unit of protoplasm bounded by a plasma membrane or cell membrane and possessing a nucleus. Protoplasm is the life-giv

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Modern Cell Theory includes: 1) The basic structural and functional unit of life is a cell, 2) All cells have the same chemical composition and genetic information (DNA), 3) All cells arise from pre-e

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Unicellular organisms: Body consists of a single cell that performs all vital functions (feeding, movement, respiration). Examples: Bacteria, protozoans. Multicellular organisms: Body consists of many

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Prokaryotes: Nuclear material not bound by nuclear membrane, DNA floating in cytoplasm, no ER/Golgi/mitochondria/lysosomes, 70S ribosomes, no compartments. Examples: Bacteria. Eukaryotes: Definite nuc

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1) Plant cells have rigid cell wall, animal cells have flexible plasma membrane. 2) Plant cells are larger, animal cells are smaller. 3) Plant cells have plastids (chloroplasts), animal cells lack pla

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The Fluid Mosaic Model was proposed by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972. It describes plasma membrane as a lipid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins. Phospholipids are amphipathi

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1) Protects cell from injury. 2) Compartmentalization - separates cell from external environment. 3) Endocytosis - intake of materials. 4) Exocytosis - disposal of secretory/waste products. 5) Active

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Diffusion: Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration without energy requirement. Example: Absorption of glucose in cells. Osmosis: Movement of water molecules from higher to lower conce