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Revision Notes

Pollution

Kerala Board · Class 12 · Biology

Quick revision notes for Pollution — Kerala Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

45 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

Key Topics to Revise

1

Introduction to Pollution

  • Pollution is the addition of unwanted or harmful substances into the environment that adversely affects organisms and the environment
  • An undesirable change in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air, water, and land that may harm human population, wildlife, and industrial processes
  • Pollutants are agents that cause pollution - can be natural or man-made
2

Air Pollution

  • Air pollution is contamination of indoor or outdoor environment by chemical, physical, or biological agents that modify natural atmospheric characteristics
  • Sources: Natural (volcanic ash, forest fires, dust storms, pollen) and Man-made (automobiles, industries, power stations, burning of fossil fuels)
  • Primary pollutants: Directly emitted (CO, CO₂, NO₂, SO₂, PM, VOCs)
3

Air Pollution Control

  • Control of gaseous pollutants: Combustion (organic pollutants converted to less harmful products), Absorption (scrubbers with liquid absorbent), Adsorption (porous solid absorbents)
  • Control of particulate pollutants: Fabric filters (cloth filters trap particles), Electrostatic precipitators (particles precipitated on electrodes), Mechanical devices (gravity settling, cyclone sepa
  • General control measures: Use unleaded petrol, low sulfur fuels, public transport promotion, vegetation along roadsides, industries in city outskirts
4

Water Pollution

  • Water pollution: Any physical, biological, or chemical change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired use
  • Sources: Natural (soil erosion, mineral leaching, organic matter decay) and Man-made (domestic sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff)
  • Types: Surface water pollution (rivers, ponds, oceans) and Groundwater pollution (deep well injections, septic tanks, landfills)

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Pollution is the addition of unwantedAir pollution involves contamination by particulateWater pollution occurs when harmful substancesBiomagnification is the accumulation of nonGreenhouse gases (CO₂

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Pollution for Kerala Board Class 12 Biology?

Pollution covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Kerala Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.

Start by understanding all key concepts. Practise previous year questions from this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly. Use flashcards for quick revision before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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