Atomic Structure

Atoms consist of three basic particles

Atoms consist of three basic particles: electrons (mass 9.109×10⁻³¹ kg, charge -1), protons (mass 1.673×10⁻²⁷ kg, charge +1), and neutrons (mass 1.675

Rutherford's α

Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment (gold foil experiment) revealed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, with

Electromagnetic radiation is energy transmitted as

Electromagnetic radiation is energy transmitted as oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagati

Bohr proposed that electrons orbit

Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed circular paths called stationary orbits without radiating energy. Electrons can jump between o

De Broglie proposed that matter particles

De Broglie proposed that matter particles exhibit wave properties with wavelength λ = h/mv = h/p. This was experimentally confirmed through electron d