Colloids

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A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where the dispersed phase particle size ranges from 1 nm to 100 nm. It is an intermediate state between true solutions (<1 nm) and suspensions (>100 nm). The name

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True Solutions: Pass through all filters, particles invisible even under microscope. Colloids: Pass through ordinary filter paper but not through animal membrane, particles invisible to naked eye but

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Dispersed Phase: The substance present in small proportion with particles of colloidal size (1-100 nm). Dispersion Medium: The medium in which colloidal particles are dispersed. Example: In gold sol,

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Milk: Emulsion (liquid in liquid), Smoke: Aerosol of solids (solid in gas), Foam rubber: Solid foam (gas in solid), Mist: Aerosol (liquid in gas), Paint: Sol (solid in liquid), Jelly: Gel (liquid in s

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Hydrosol: A sol where water is the dispersion medium (e.g., starch sol in water). Alcosol: A sol where alcohol is the dispersion medium (e.g., cellulose nitrate in alcohol called Collodion).

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Lyophilic (solvent-loving): High affinity for dispersion medium, easily formed, reversible, stable. Examples: gum, gelatin, starch. Lyophobic (solvent-hating): No affinity for dispersion medium, requi

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Macromolecular: Individual particles are large enough to be in colloidal range (1-100 nm). Examples: starch, cellulose, proteins. Multimolecular: Small molecules aggregate to form colloidal-sized part

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An electric arc is struck between two metallic electrodes (like gold, silver, platinum) placed in water. The intense heat converts the metal into vapors, which condense immediately in cold water, form