Hydrogen and s - block Elements
Kerala Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Hydrogen and s - block Elements — Kerala Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Hydrogen - Structure, Position and Isotopes
- Hydrogen has electronic configuration 1s¹ - simplest atom with one proton and one electron
- Unique position in periodic table - can be placed with alkali metals (ns¹) or halogens (gains electron to form H⁻)
- Three isotopes: Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H or D), Tritium (³H or T)
Chemical Properties and Uses of Hydrogen
- Hydrogen is diatomic gas (H₂), colorless, odorless, lightest gas
- Insoluble in water but adsorbed by Pt and Pd metals
- Combustible - burns with pale blue flame in air
Water and Heavy Water
- Water (H₂O) has bent structure with bond angle 104.5°, O-H bond length 97.5 pm
- Highly polar due to electronegativity difference - forms hydrogen bonds
- Ice has open tetrahedral structure making it less dense than liquid water
Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)
- H₂O₂ has oxidation state of oxygen = -1 (between 0 in O₂ and -2 in H₂O)
- Acts as both oxidizing and reducing agent due to intermediate oxidation state
- Colorless, syrupy liquid with sharp odor, bp = 423K
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Sources & Official References
- Kerala Board of Public Examinations — keralapareekshabhavan.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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